Which of the following best describes Stage 5 in Kohlberg's moral development?

Stage 5 in Kohlberg's theory of moral development is characterized by the morality of contract and individual rights. At this stage, individuals recognize that while laws and rules are important for maintaining a functioning society, they are also subject to change and should be evaluated based on their fairness and the rights of individuals. People begin to understand that moral standards can be based on mutual agreement and respect for the individual rights that underlie societal laws. This reflects a more nuanced understanding of morality that incorporates principles of justice and equality rather than merely adhering to societal expectations or avoiding punishment.

In this stage, the focus shifts from fixed rules to a more flexible, social contract theory approach, where people's rights and the welfare of all individuals are taken into consideration. This higher level of reasoning represents a departure from earlier stages, where fear of punishment or desire for approval from others predominantly guided moral decision-making.