What is the key focus of moral development in Stage 6 of Kohlberg's theory?

In Stage 6 of Kohlberg's theory, the key focus is on the morality of individual principles and conscience. This stage represents the highest level of moral reasoning, where individuals base their decisions on self-chosen ethical principles. These principles are often universal, emphasizing concepts such as justice, equality, and the dignity of human beings. Individuals at this stage recognize that laws and social conventions may not always align with basic human rights or moral standards, and they prioritize their personal ethical beliefs over societal rules.

This level of moral reasoning involves deep reflection on ethical values and the implications of actions for all individuals. It goes beyond the desire for social approval or adherence to authority, instead prioritizing justice and the well-being of humanity. This stage reflects maturity in moral reasoning, as individuals become autonomous thinkers capable of upholding personal morals.

The other choices represent earlier stages in Kohlberg's framework. Authority-maintaining morality focuses on maintaining social order and obeying laws, the good boy/girl mentality emphasizes gaining approval through conformity, and punishment and obedience orientation revolves around the fear of consequences rather than ethical considerations. Each of these earlier stages lacks the individuality and principled moral reasoning characteristic of Stage 6.