What is a specific learning disability (SLD) characterized by?

A specific learning disability (SLD) is characterized primarily by difficulties in learning or using specific academic skills, which can include challenges in areas such as reading, writing, or math. These difficulties are significant enough to interfere with academic performance and everyday activities that require these skills. Unlike other disabilities, SLD does not encompass challenges arising from visual or hearing impairments, emotional disturbances, or intellectual disabilities, as these conditions have different diagnostic criteria and implications.

SLDs are specifically related to the processing of information and not due to other factors; therefore, individuals with SLD often have average or above-average intelligence, and their difficulties stem from less efficient or effective cognitive processes related to learning. Understanding this distinction is crucial for effective assessment and intervention in educational settings, highlighting the importance of targeted support to enhance the academic skills of individuals with SLD.