What does "attachment theory" primarily refer to?

Attachment theory primarily refers to the emotional bond that develops between a child and their caregivers. This theory, initially formulated by psychologist John Bowlby, emphasizes the importance of this bond in shaping a child's emotional, social, and cognitive development. It posits that children form attachments to caregivers as a means of survival, influencing how they interact with others and form relationships throughout their lives.

Secure, anxious, or avoidant attachment styles, characterized by how children respond to their caregivers' availability and responsiveness, have significant implications for future emotional regulation, interpersonal relationships, and psychological well-being. Understanding attachment helps social workers and mental health professionals address various issues related to childhood development, trauma, and parent-child dynamics.

Therefore, the concept of attachment theory is fundamentally about the nature and quality of the emotional connection between a child and their caregivers, which is vital for healthy development.