What defines the second stage of Kohlberg's Conventional Reasoning?

The second stage of Kohlberg's Conventional Reasoning is characterized by "authority-maintaining morality." At this stage, individuals begin to adhere to the rules and norms established by society and authority figures to maintain social order and ensure the well-being of others. This phase emphasizes the importance of obeying laws and respecting authority as a means of upholding societal standards and promoting harmony within the community.

In this context, individuals recognize that there are consequences for breaking rules and that following them helps sustain social structures. They believe in maintaining the social order and adhere to societal expectations, often valuing the perspectives of authorities and the rules they enforce.

This stage is distinct from others, such as the first stage focused on punishment and obedience, or the later stages that involve more abstract principles of justice and individual rights. By understanding the significance of authority within social frameworks, individuals at this stage contribute to societal stability, showcasing the importance of loyalty and duty to the societal system.